Testing Survey

Cris Belfer
LED Lighting Fixture
Senior Project Survey


Please Circle One – (10 being the highest)


In your opinion:


1) What is the effectiveness of the LED Lighting Fixture at illuminating the artwork?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

2) What is the professional appearance of the LED Lighting Fixture?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

3) Does the aspect of color-changing lights make this product more appealing to you?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

4) Do the ergonomics about rotating and shortening / lengthening make this product more appealing to you?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

5) How much do you think this product would cost you? $_______.___

6) Would you buy this product or have any reason to?

Yes No

Any Comments?

MP4 Calendar

Week of April 27th – May 3rd
28th – Finish Marking Period 4 Calendar
29th – Post marking period four calendar on weblog / hand in
Weblog update
30th – Rude Awakening Day
1st – Begin Testing
2nd – Weblog update

Week of May 4th – 10th
5th – Finish Testing
6th – Weblog update
Start “Testing and Results”
7th – Contact Mentor
Finish “Testing and Results”
8th – Hand in “Testing and Results”
9th – Weblog update
Start work on “Self and Design Evaluation”

Week of May 11th – 17th
12th – Finish on “Self and Design Evaluation”
Buy Trifold
13th – Weblog update
Bring in Trifold, work on asthetics and non-metal materials for Exhibit
14th – Contact Mentor
Hand in “Self and Design Evaluation”
15st – Work on Exhibit Trifold
16nd – Weblog update
Work on placing light with exhibit

Week of May 18th – May 24th
19th – Finish Exhibit
20th – Weblog update
Display finished Exhibit
21st – Contact Mentor
Get ready for presentation night
22nd – Get ready for presentation night
Bring in FINAL PRODUCT
23rd – Weblog update

Week of May 25th – 31st
26th – Contact Mentor
27th – Weblog update
28th – Contact Mentor
29th – Compile Mentor contacts
30th – Weblog update

Week of June 1st – 7th
2nd – Work on Mentor Contacts
3rd – Weblog update
Finish Mentor Contacts
4th – Hand in Mentor Contacts
5th – Help other people?
6th – Mull around

Week of June 8th – 14th
9th – Do nothing
10th – Look at the news online
11th – The calm before the storm
12th – FINALS
13th – FINALS

Week of June 15th – 21st
16th – FINALS
17th – LAST DAY

Construction Details

Starting with the first brackets.

Then add the housing, where the power supply and sequencer go.


Use a Pem to go thru at a specific point in the side.

Add the Arm, which fits into the Pem

Add the power supply (in yellow) via holes in the back of the housing

Place in the sequencer (also in yellow) via holes in the back of the housing

Cover the the housing with the faceplate, sliding the arm thru its slit

Trim is installed and is flush with the wall

MP3 Calendar

Calendar

Week of February 3rd – 9th
4th – Create marking period three calendar by Tuesday the 5th
5th – Post marking period three calendar on weblog / hand in
Weblog update
6th – Contact Mentor
7th – Bring in relevant materials
8th – Weblog update

Week of February 10th – 16th
11th – Begin construction in factory
12th – Weblog update
Plan out back plate for engineers
13th – Contact Mentor
Create back plate
14th – Bring in back plate, take photo
15th – Weblog update
Assemble LED inside hollow cylinder

Week of February 17th – 23rd
18th – President’s Day! No school.
19th – Weblog update
Place caps on end, leaving left open for wires
Start connecting joints with hollow rods
20th – Contact Mentor
Continue constructing joints
21st – Finish connecting joints, take photos
22nd – Weblog update
Fit wires from LEDs thru joint/rods

Week of February 24th – March 1st
25th – Start constructing framing with engineers
26th – Weblog update
27th – Contact Mentor
Bring in Frame, take photos
28th – Start constructing power source/sequencer holding box
29th – Weblog update

Week of March 2nd – 8th
3rd – Bring in box, take photos
4th – Weblog update
Place power source and sequencer inside box
5th – Contact Mentor
6th – Connect rods to back plate
7th – Weblog update

Week of March 9th – 15th
10th – compile photos, organize
11th – Weblog update
12th – Contact Mentor
13th – Start Press Release
14th – Work on Press Release

Week of March 16th – 22nd
17th – Work on Press Release
Finalize construction process
18th – Work on Press Release
Weblog update
19th – Finish / Hand in Press Release
Contact Mentor
20th – Finish construction, take final photos
21st – Spring Break! No school.

Week of March 23rd- 29th
24th – Spring Break! No school.
25th – Spring Break! No school.
26th – Spring Break! No school.
27th – Spring Break! No school.
28th – Spring Break! No school.

Week of March 30th – April 5th
31st – Regain consciousness from awesome vacation
Begin outline
1st – Continue working on / practice presentation outline
Weblog update
2nd – Finish outline and print 3 copies
3rd – Begin Presentations / Formal Progress Updates
Mentor Contacts due
4th – Continue Presentations

Week of April 6th – 12th
7th – Continue Presentations
8th – Fix any work that needs fixing
Weblog update
9th – Hand in any fixed work
10th – End of Marking Period 3
11th – Start of 4th marking period
Weblog update

Tools List

Bill of Materials

3D

Rendered 3D

Orhtographic View

Math and Science Report

Cris Belfer
Systems Engineering II
1/10/08

Math and Science Report

Introduction

When making an LED lighting fixture, math and science are a key element of the process, shaping the design aspects as well as functionality and performance. Designing a lighting fixture requires quite specific calculations and measurements. These along with precise scientific information, specifically heat and light properties, tie into the overall success of the fixture. But, none of this would be possible without the fast-growing and advanced technologies that aid in material manufacturing as well as product marketing.

Science

The science aspect of my design revolves around light-emitting diodes. And, one of the biggest factors when dealing with LED’s is their heat. If an LED gets too hot, its efficiency starts failing rapidly which would basically render the LED useless and the fixture a failure. So to compensate for the temperature, it has become common practice to give the heat a place to escape, away from the LED’s. For my design, I integrated the cylinder, in which the two LED strips reside, with ridges on the outside so that the surface area is greatly increased and allows the heat to run off.

Math

Artificial light sources are usually evaluated in terms of a related quantity, the overall luminous efficacy. This is the ratio between the total luminous flux emitted by a device and the total amount of input power (electrical, etc.) it consumes. This is often simply called “luminous efficacy”, which can be confusing as it also has units of lm(lumens)/W(watt). The range of a white LED is 26-70 lm/W with a 3.8%-10.2% efficiency. This compares to a 100 W incandescent (220 V) which has 13 lm/W and a 1.9% efficiency. This all compares to the theoretical maximum of 682.002 lm/W (100% efficiency).

Technology

Many technologies are used in the making of my design. In this case, LED’s are the prominent technology. Very small (figure 2.1) and very efficient, LED’s are widely popular for their longevity and applicability. From remote controls to streetlights, they are used in every capacity available and will have even more use as technology progresses (doubling every eight months).

Conclusion

In conclusion, making an LED lighting fixture requires all three categories (math, science, and technology) to be perfectly in tune. Without the science of how LED’s give off heat would we be able to compensate properly. Or without the math of lm/W could we see what the LED’s overall luminous efficiency is. And without the help of newer and better technologies it can get done faster and safer.

Selection Rejection

During last summer I research on use and how-to’s for producing a lighting fixture. This lighting fixture is meant to fix to a wall, have its own power source, and the ability to point the light source, used to elucidate artwork, trophies, plaques, and other prized possessions.

The first solution is a basic premise that has two joints, one at the head of the fixture and another in the middle, for turning ability. Its head is cylindrical and its shape provides a sleek and uniform appeal. The lens contours with the shape of the head to make a full circle.

Pros - sleek design
- adequate turning
- variability

Cons - complicated design

The second solution is similar to the first design except that the head is flattened at the lens to allow a different lighting angle. Also the joints are at the base of the head and at the connection of the back-plate to the fixture. This also allows for a sleek and uniform appeal to the industrial world.

Pros - Sleek design
- adequate turning

Cons - complicated design

The third solution is the more dissimilar of the other two. Its head is a lamp-like shape and makes for a circular lighting. There are also three joints in this design and it allows for various degrees of movement. This will also have LED lighting as the other two do.

Pros - great degree of turning
- simple design

Cons - unappealing design

Alternative Solutions

Brainstorming

Background Information

From The Eiffel Tower to a desk, lights are everywhere. They are a part of our everyday lives and without those humans would not be nearly as advanced as they are now. They allow us to function at night and therefore we can be active throughout the entire 24 hour day. As for survival, lights can be used for entertainment purposes. A museum at night with no lights is of no use; it needs lights to be successful.

“Light is a form of energy that can be released by an atom. It is made up of many small particle-like packets that have energy and momentum but no mass. These particles, called photons, are the most basic units of light. Photons are released as a result of moving electrons. In an atom, electrons move in orbitals around the nucleus. Electrons in different orbitals have different amounts of energy. Generally speaking, electrons with greater energy move in orbitals farther away from the nucleus.

For an electron to jump from a lower orbital to a higher orbital, something has to boost its energy level. Conversely, an electron releases energy when it drops from a higher orbital to a lower one. This energy is released in the form of a photon. A greater energy drop releases a higher-energy photon, which is characterized by a higher frequency.

As we saw in the last section, free electrons moving across a diode can fall into empty holes from the P-type layer. This involves a drop from the conduction band to a lower orbital, so the electrons release energy in the form of photons. This happens in any diode, but you can only see the photons when the diode is composed of certain material. The atoms in a standard silicon diode, for example, are arranged in such a way that the electron drops a relatively short distance. As a result, the photon's frequency is so low that it is invisible to the human eye -- it is in the infrared portion of the light spectrum…

…Visible light-emitting diodes (VLEDs), such as the ones that light up numbers in a digital clock, are made of materials characterized by a wider gap between the conduction band and the lower orbitals. The size of the gap determines the frequency of the photon -- in other words, it determines the color of the light.” -Tom Harris

Research

Related Patents

US 7,202,505 B2
US 7,214,116 B2
US 7,201,492 B2
US 7,151,282 B2

Ergonomics and Anthropometric Factors
http://www.ergonomiclighting.com/index.php

Biometrics
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biometrics

Components

-2 joints
-reflector
-bulbs/L.E.D.'s
-metal
-wiring
-lenses
-transformer
-UL stickers

Testing Procedures

Expectations

The end product must be tested before it is complete.The end product will be expected to properly illuminate any prized possession and be safe to use.

Step 1
Recheck finished product for any mistakes/all proper stickers to be in place

Step 2
Install the end product onto a wall near any prized possession

Step 3
Properly angle the end product to face the desired angle

Step 4
Turn on the end product so that it produces light

Step 5
Make sure the end product is safe and secure and working properly

Step 6
Judge if the end product can properly illuminate the prized possession by using various opinions

Step 7
Allow a licensed professional to uninstall the end product

Limitations

The end product must:

- be less than 1 foot long
- be able to turn with atleast a 90 degree angle
- not cost more than $200 to the customer per fixture
- have atleast 2 turning joints

Specifications

The end product must:
- be able to be fixed onto a wall
- have its own power source
- be able to cast light
- meet all UL standards of safety
- be easily turned to a specific angle
- be efficient in energy expenditure
- not damage the piece either threw heat or light
- be made of durable materials

Design Brief

Design a lighting fixture that fixes to a wall, has its own power source, and the ability to point the light source, used to elucidate artwork, trophies, plaques, and other prized possessions.

Calendar

September
17th – Weblog started
20th – Calendar updated on weblog
24th – Design Brief updated on weblog
24th – Weblog update
24th – Contact mentor
24th – Invite mentor to admin status on weblog
28th – Weblog update
29th – Contact mentor

October
1st – Weblog update
2nd – Presentation outline created
3rd – Brainstorming updated onto weblog
3rd – Alternative Solutions updated onto weblog
3rd – 3 copies of presentation outline created
3rd – Testing Procedures updated onto weblog
3rd to 5th – Trial meeting
4th – Contact mentor
5th – Weblog update
6th – Start model
8th – Weblog update
8th – Contact mentor
12th – Weblog update
13th – Contact mentor
15th – Weblog update
18th – Contact mentor
19th – Weblog update
22nd – Weblog update
22nd – Contact mentor
25th – Finish model
26th – Weblog update
27th – Touch up model in preparation for presentation
27th – Contact mentor
29th – Weblog update
30th – Finish Mentor Contact sheet
31st – Mentor Contact sheet handed in
31st – Outline 11/1 Presentation
31st – Practice presentation
31st – Print 3 copies of outline
31st – Selection/Rejection report updated on weblog



November
1st – Contact mentor
1st to 2nd – MP1 presentations
2nd – Weblog update
5th – Weblog update
5th – Contact mentor
9th – Weblog update
10th – Contact mentor
12th – Weblog update
13th – MP1 ends